dormouse n : small furry-tailed squirrel-like Old World rodent that becomes torpid in cold weather [also: dormice (pl)]

English

Etymology

Unknown origin, though came to be associated with French dormire ‘sleep’.

Pronunciation

• /ˈdɔːmaʊs/

Noun

1. Any of several species of small, mostly European rodents of the family Gliridae; also called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by some taxonomists.

Translations

• Albanian: gjumashi i majmë
• Basque: muxar
• Belarusian: соня-палчок
• Breton: hunegan gris
• Bulgarian: вид съсел (vid s"sel)
• Catalan: liró
• Croatian: puh
• Czech: plch
• Danish: syvsover, hasselmus
• Dutch: relmuis , hazelmuis
• Esperanto: gliro
• Estonian: kunel
• Faroese: heslimús
• Finnish: unikeko
• French: loir
• West Frisian: sânslieper
• Friulian: glîr
• Gallegan: leirón cincento
• German: Bilch , Schläfer , Schlafmaus
• Greek: δασομυωξός
• Hungarian: pele
• Icelandic: heslimús
• Irish: luch hodlamáin, dallóg fhéir
• Italian: ghiro , moscardino
• Ladin: ghiro
• Latin: Myoxus glis (=Glis glis) , Muscardinus, Dryomys
• Latvian: susuris, susuris
• Lithuanian: miegapelė
• Lower Sorbian: połsk
• Macedonian: полв (polv)
• Maltese: ġurdien ta’ denbu pjuma
• Norwegian: syvsover, sovemus
• Occitan: missara, greule
• Polish: popielica
• Portuguese: lirăo
• Romanian: şoarece de pădure
• Romansh: durmigliet
• Romany: xurtso , xurtsaika
• Russian: соня полчок (sonja polčok)
• Sami: hásselsáhpán
• Sardinian: topi de venadroxu, medrona de tzirva
• Scottish Gaelic: dallag-an-fheòir
• Serbian: пух (puh)
• Slovak: plch
• Slovenian: polh
• Spanish: lirón
• Swedish: sjusovare, sovmöss, hasselmus
• Turkish: kakırca
• Ukrainian: соня (sonja)
• Upper Sorbian: lěsna myška, połch, połšk
• Welsh: pathew

Dormice are rodents of the family Gliridae. (This family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists). Dormice are mostly found in Europe, although some live in Africa and Asia. They are particularly known for their long periods of hibernation.

Characteristics

Dormice are small for rodents, with a body length of between 6 and 19 centimetres (2.5 - 7.5 inches), and weighing between 15 and 200 grams. They are generally mouse-like in appearance, but with furred, rather than scaly, tails. They are largely but not exclusively arboreal animals, and are agile and well adapted to climbing. Most species are nocturnal. Dormice have an excellent sense of hearing, and signal each other with a range of different vocalisations.

Dormice are omnivorous, typically feeding on fruits, berries, flowers, nuts and insects. Dormice are unique among rodents in that they lack a cecum, a part of the gut used in other species to ferment vegetable matter. Their dental formula is similar to that of squirrels, although they often lack premolars:

Dormice breed once or twice a year, producing litters with an average of four young after a gestation period of 21-32 days. They can live for as long as five years. The young are born hairless, and helpless, and their eyes do not open until about eighteen days after birth. They typically become sexually mature after the end of their first hibernation. Dormice live in small family groups, with home ranges that vary widely between species, and depending on the availability of food

Evolution

Currently, the earliest fossil evidence of dormouse species comes from Europe in the early Eocene . They appear in Africa in the upper Miocene and only relatively recently in Asia. Many types of extinct dormouse species have been identified. During the Pleistocene, giant dormice the size of large rats, such as Leithia melitensis, lived on the islands of Malta and Sicily.

Classification

The family consists of 34 living species, in three subfamilies and (arguably) 10 genera:

Family: Gliridae

• Subfamily Graphiurinae
  • Genus Graphiurus (African dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus angolensis, (Angolan African dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus christyi (Christy's Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus crassicaudatus (Jentink's Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus johnstoni (Johnston's African dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus kelleni (Kellen's Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus lorraineus (Lorrain Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus microtis (Small-eared Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus monardi (Monard's Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus murinus (Woodland Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus nagtglasii (Nagtglas's African dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus ocularis (Spectacled Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus platyops (Rock Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus rupicola (Stone Dormouse)
    • Species Graphiurus surdus (Silent Dormouse)
• Subfamily Leithiinae
  • Genus Chaetocauda
    • Species Chaetocauda sichuanensis (Chinese Dormouse)
  • Genus Dryomys
    • Species Dryomys laniger (Woolly Dormouse)
    • Species Dryomys niethammeri (Niethammer's forest dormouse)
    • Species Dryomys nitedula (Forest Dormouse)
  • Genus Eliomys (Garden dormice)
    • Species Eliomys melanurus (Asian Garden Dormouse)
    • Species Eliomys munbyanus (Maghreb garden dormouse)
    • Species Eliomys quercinus (Garden Dormouse)** Genus Hypnomys† (Balearic dormouse - extinct)
    • Species Hypnomys morphaeus†
    • Species Hypnomys mahonensis†
  • Genus Muscardinus
    • Species Muscardinus avellanarius (Hazel Dormouse)
  • Genus Myomimus (Mouse-tailed dormouse)
    • Species Myomimus personatus (Masked Mouse-tailed Dormouse)
    • Species Myomimus roachi (Roach's Mouse-tailed Dormouse)
    • Species Myomimus setzeri (Setzer's Mouse-tailed Dormouse)
  • Genus Selevinia
    • Species Selevinia betpakdalaensis (Desert Dormouse)
• Subfamily Glirinae
  • Genus Glirulus
    • Species Glirulus japonicus (Japanese Dormouse)
  • Genus Glis
    • Species Glis glis (Edible Dormouse)

Fossil species

• Subfamily Bransatoglirinae
  • Genus Oligodyromys

External links

• Glirarium.org (English and German)
• Fauna of Europe: Glis glis

References

• Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. Pp. 819-841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.